How English Transcend Boundaries: From Europe to Asia to Africa

Part 1: The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution in Europe from 1760 to 1840, particularly in Britain, established and foreshadowed the continual dominance of English to come. The accelerating evolution of agricultural and manufacturing technology allowed for increased economic growth, improving productivity levels. The advancements in medicine drastically extended the average lifespan of the European, delaying retirement ages and reducing labor shortage.

No longer confined to their own continent, with the available natural resources no longer sufficing their needs, the Europeans can no longer wait.

Concurrently on the timeline,

• Britain: India, parts of Africa, Australia, and various territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.

• France: Algeria, parts of West Africa, Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), and various Pacific islands.

• Germany: Parts of Africa (Namibia, Tanzania, Cameroon), and some Pacific islands.

• Italy: Eritrea, Somalia, and later Libya.

• Belgium: Congo Free State (later Belgian Congo).

Fact: Europeans have developed immunity to some diseases that devastated indigenous populations in the Americas and other regions

References

(Cartwright, 2023) Cartwright, M. (2023). British Industrial Revolution. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/British_Industrial_Revolution/